Coronary artery spasm

Coronary artery spasm refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by transient constriction of the epicardial conductive arteries, resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the coronary arteries and leading to myocardial ischemia. Coronary artery spasm is a fundamental cause of various ischemic heart diseases, mainly including variant angina, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Coronary artery spasm tends to occur in coronary arteries with atherosclerosis and occasionally in angiographically "normal" coronary arteries. Any one or multiple branches of the coronary arteries may be involved.