Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome refers to severe aortic stenosis or atresia, hypoplasia of the ascending aorta and aortic arch, accompanied by severe mitral stenosis or atresia and a hypoplastic left ventricle. It was first reported by Lev in 1952, and in 1985 Noonan and Nadas provided a detailed description and classification of this syndrome. The incidence in China is significantly lower than in Western countries. Approximately 95% of affected infants die during the neonatal period. Current treatment mainly includes Norwood staged surgery and heart transplantation. The incidence is (1-27) per 100,000, accounting for about 1.4% of congenital cardiovascular malformations.