Acute left-sided heart failure

Acute heart failure (AHF) refers to a clinical syndrome caused by acute onset or worsening of left heart dysfunction resulting in decreased myocardial contractility and increased cardiac load, leading to a sudden drop in acute cardiac output, increased pulmonary circulation pressure, and increased peripheral circulatory resistance, causing pulmonary circulation congestion with acute pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema, and possibly accompanied by tissue and organ hypoperfusion and cardiogenic shock. It can be divided into acute left-sided heart failure and acute right-sided heart failure.