Insufficient cardiac blood supply

Cardiac activity requires an adequate energy supply. The blood supply to the heart itself has two notable characteristics: 1. Although the heart weighs less than 1% of total body weight, it requires 20% of total blood volume to meet its own blood supply needs. 2. To meet the special demands of cardiac blood supply, the body maintains a dedicated blood supply system to ensure adequate perfusion. This dedicated system is the coronary circulation. Inadequate myocardial blood supply leads to myocardial hypoxia and reduced cardiac function, making it a leading threat to human health. Myocardial ischemia is mostly caused by hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia resulting from lifestyle factors such as poor diet and insufficient exercise, which deposit on the inner walls of arteries, eventually forming atherosclerotic plaques that cause vascular narrowing or even obstruction, ultimately leading to serious diseases such as coronary heart disease. Myocardial ischemia results primarily from changes in blood constituents and pathological alterations within the vascular lumen. It is mostly caused by hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia due to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and insufficient exercise. Blood cholesterol is divided into high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). LDL-C, beyond what cells require, deposits on the inner walls of arteries, causing the intima to change from a smooth surface to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, narrowing or even obstructing the vascular lumen. Therefore, LDL-C is considered harmful cholesterol. HDL-C, in contrast, transports cholesterol from the blood to the liver for conversion, after which it is excreted via the gallbladder into the intestine, making it protective cholesterol.