Benign hypertensive arteriolar nephrosclerosis

This disease is one often accompanied by chronic hypertension, characterized by involvement of the blood vessels, glomeruli, and tubulointerstitium. It is the second leading cause of end-stage renal failure in Western countries (accounting for approximately 25%), and its incidence in China is also increasing. This disease can be divided into benign nephrosclerosis and malignant nephrosclerosis. Arteriolar nephrosclerosis mainly affects the pre-glomerular arterioles, causing hyalinization of the afferent arterioles and intimal thickening of the interlobular arteries and arcuate arteries. This results in narrowing of the arterial lumen, reduced blood supply, and subsequent ischemic renal parenchymal damage, leading to glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis.