Radiation pericarditis

Radiation pericarditis is caused by radiation injury to the myocardium and pericardium, and is often a complication of radiotherapy for malignant tumors of the chest and mediastinum. A minority present with symptoms of acute pericarditis, including fever, precordial pain, anorexia, and general malaise. Delayed pericarditis typically occurs from 4 months to 20 years after radiation therapy, most commonly within 12 months, presenting as acute nonspecific pericarditis or asymptomatic pericardial effusion and pleural effusion. Pericardiocentesis or pericardiectomy may be necessary when indicated.