Mitral regurgitation

When anatomical and/or functional abnormalities of the mitral valve cause partial regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during left ventricular systole, this is called mitral insufficiency. The most common etiology is rheumatic, which is more common in northern China, mostly occurring in individuals aged 20-40 years, with a higher prevalence in females. Other common causes include mitral valve prolapse, degenerative mitral valve disease, myocardial ischemia, infective endocarditis, and congenital malformations. Clinically, most cases present with chronic manifestations. The prognosis mainly depends on the degree of valvular insufficiency, the extent of atrial and ventricular enlargement, cardiac function, the underlying etiology, recurrence of rheumatic activity, and whether complications occur. Early diagnosis and early treatment are key. There is currently no specific curative drug for this disease, but surgical treatment can provide a cure.