Gallbladder polyp

Gallbladder polyps refer to a general term for a type of lesion in which the gallbladder wall protrudes into the lumen in a polypoid manner, also known as "elevated lesions of the gallbladder." Clinically, gallbladder polyps include mucosal polypoid hyperplasia caused by gallbladder inflammation, polypoid changes caused by degeneration of gallbladder mucosal cells, gallbladder adenomatous polyps, and polypoid gallbladder cancer, etc. Pathologically, gallbladder polyps can be divided into benign and malignant polyps. Benign gallbladder polyps are divided into two major categories: benign neoplastic polyps and pseudotumorous polyps. Benign neoplastic polyps can originate from epithelial tissue (adenomas) and supporting tissue (hemangiomas, lipomas, etc.), while pseudotumorous polyps include cholesterol polyps, inflammatory polyps, adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder, and heterotopic tissue polyps. Gallbladder adenomatous polyps are potential precancerous lesions and are associated with the occurrence of gallbladder cancer. In contrast, pseudotumorous polyps such as cholesterol polyps, inflammatory polyps, and gallbladder adenomyoma do not undergo malignant transformation. The surgical management of gallbladder polyps mainly involves determining whether the polyp is benign or malignant, thereby achieving early detection of malignant lesions and precancerous lesions and early surgical resection.