Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium. Nearly half of the population is infected for life, with the main sites of infection being the stomach and the duodenal bulb. As early as 1893, Bizzozero reported observing spiral microorganisms in the stomach of dogs. Subsequently, Kreintz and Rosenow also discovered spirochetes in the human stomach. In 1979, Warren found that most gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers were colonized by campylobacter-like bacteria, regularly present on the surface of the mucosal cell layer and beneath the mucus layer, and easily stained with the Warthin-Starry saturated silver staining method. It was not until 1983 that Marshall and Warren first reported the successful isolation of this bacterium using the microaerophilic culture method for campylobacter. Since then, it has attracted widespread interest and in-depth research in the medical community. Later, it was found that many characteristics of this bacterium were similar to those of the genus Campylobacter, and it was named "Campylobacter pylori (CP)."