Dysphagia

Dysphagia refers to the sensation of obstruction or stagnation in the pharynx, retrosternal area, or esophagus caused by impeded transport of food from the oral cavity to the stomach and cardia. Clinicians must pay attention to patients with dysphagia. Dysphagia caused by organic diseases must be distinguished from pseudodysphagia, in which there is no underlying lesion of esophageal obstruction. Patients only complain of a lump-like sensation of blockage in the pharynx or retrosternal area, but often cannot pinpoint the specific location, and have no difficulty swallowing either liquids or solid foods. Such patients often have other symptoms of neurosis. Dysphagia is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer. For any patient with dysphagia, it is essential to determine early whether it is caused by cancer. Physical examination often reveals weight loss, and severe cases may lead to malnutrition.