giardiasis

Giardiasis, now commonly known as giardiasis, is a protozoal disease caused by Giardia lamblia parasitizing the human small intestine. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension, and can also cause cholecystitis, cholangitis, and liver damage. In addition to endemic prevalence, the disease can also cause waterborne outbreaks. Infection is also common among travelers. In recent years, it has been found that AIDS patients are often co-infected with this parasite. The protozoan can be found in the feces of infected animals (dogs, cats, otters, rodents). Drinking untreated surface water (ponds, lakes, streams) increases the risk of infection. Infectivity persists throughout the entire period of infection. Reinfection can occur. Giardiasis can cause water and electrolyte disturbances, anemia, malnutrition, and growth retardation. It can also lead to secondary lactose intolerance and vitamin deficiencies. Patients with giardiasis should be isolated as for intestinal infectious diseases, and their diet should be controlled. Antibiotics should be given when bacterial co-infection is present. Antiparasitic drug therapy should be administered to confirmed patients and those highly suspected of the disease. Giardiasis is generally curable with drug treatment, and the prognosis is good. All age groups can be infected, with children and young adults being more commonly affected.