Senile cerebral hemorrhage

Senile cerebral hemorrhage refers to bleeding within the brain parenchyma caused by rupture of cerebral arteries, veins, or capillaries. According to discipline and practicality, cerebral hemorrhage is divided into traumatic and non-traumatic types. The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is 50/100,000 to 80/100,000 per year, accounting for 20%–30% of acute cerebrovascular diseases and 40% of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases. The mortality rate of cerebral hemorrhage is 40%, the highest among acute cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral hemorrhage mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, but can also occur in young people with hypertension. Most cases occur under dynamic conditions such as emotional excitement, fatigue, or excessive exertion; a few occur under static conditions or during sleep, and this situation accounts for the majority in the elderly. Generally, there is no premonition before cerebral hemorrhage occurs, but in very rare cases, patients have transient symptoms hours or days before the hemorrhage, such as dizziness, headache, limb movement disorders, or sensory disturbances. After hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage occurs, the condition of most patients reaches its peak within a few minutes, and the clinical manifestations depend on the amount and location of the bleeding. The typical manifestations in patients with moderate or greater bleeding are sudden dizziness and headache, followed by vomiting of coffee-ground-like material, then disturbance of consciousness or even shallow coma, accompanied by facial flushing or pallor, profuse sweating, elevated blood pressure, slow and strong pulse, urinary and fecal incontinence, constricted pupils, sluggish light reflexes, decerebrate rigidity, irregular breathing, etc.