rheumatic disease

Rheumatic diseases are a group of disorders primarily involving the joints, bones, muscles, blood vessels, and related soft tissues or connective tissues, most of which are autoimmune diseases. The onset is often insidious and slow, with a prolonged disease course, and most have a genetic predisposition. The etiology mainly includes immune reactions, genetic background, infectious factors, endocrine factors, environmental and physical factors. The main symptoms include fever, Gottron's sign of dermatomyositis, panniculitis, muscular myasthenia, and joint pain. Diagnosis and treatment are both challenging and can be managed through medications and surgical methods. Various autoantibodies can often be detected in the blood, which may be associated with different HLA subtypes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressants provide favorable short-term or long-term remission effects.