Renal dysplasia

Renal dysplasia is a clinical consequence of abnormal kidney development, characterized by the presence of primitive glomeruli and renal tubules, as well as chondroid metaplasia. Renal dysplasia is a congenital disorder in which the kidney fails to undergo normal growth and development. It is mostly sporadic, with a few cases having a familial tendency. The severity of the disease depends on whether it affects one or both kidneys, and which stage of kidney growth and differentiation is affected. This condition is one of the most common causes of abdominal masses in newborns, often presenting as a unilateral mass related to segmental stenosis of the renal collecting system. Bilateral cases are often life-threatening. Most patients can be diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound, and the clinical presentation is asymptomatic abdominal mass. The affected kidney loses its normal morphology and is replaced by irregularly sized cysts. The affected kidney is non-functional and often accompanied by ureteral obstruction. The contralateral kidney may undergo compensatory hypertrophy, and 10% of cases also have contralateral ureteral obstruction.Abnormalities in the development of renal vessels, renal tubules, collecting ducts, and urinary drainage systems can lead to abnormalities in renal parenchyma and renal function. Renal hypoplasia may require a kidney biopsy for diagnosis.