Shunt hyperbilirubinemia syndrome

Primary shunt hyperbilirubinemia, also known as Israel syndrome, is a rare unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia. In 1959, Israels first reported 3 cases and named the condition. The clinical features of this disease include jaundice, anemia, splenomegaly, and hyperactive erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow. There is little information regarding treatment methods, efficacy, and prognosis. It is easily misdiagnosed as hemolytic anemia and treated with splenectomy.