uremia

Uremia is not an independent disease but a clinical syndrome common to various advanced kidney diseases. It is a syndrome composed of a series of clinical manifestations that appear when chronic renal failure enters the terminal stage. The cause of uremia is the loss of renal function, resulting in the inability of nitrogenous waste products produced by metabolism to be excreted from the body, accumulation in the body, and imbalance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. Common causes of renal failure include water retention and electrolyte disturbances caused by kidney diseases and injuries themselves. Although uremia is a fatal disease, it is not incurable. For cases without precipitating factors where renal function is irreversible, dialysis therapy may be considered. Dialysis therapy includes oral, peritoneal, and hemodialysis (artificial kidney). Oral dialysis therapy is only suitable for patients with mild uremia. In recent years, due to the widespread application of dialysis therapy, many patients with advanced uremia have survived for more than 5 years while maintaining a certain degree of work capacity. Therefore, dialysis therapy is one of the effective methods for treating advanced uremia. The significance of preventing uremia is far greater than treatment, because any treatment modality has its limitations and adverse effects and cannot achieve the level of healthy kidneys. The early symptoms of renal failure are relatively insidious, and many patients are already in the uremic stage upon diagnosis, making treatment extremely difficult.