Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired benign clonal disorder caused by a mutation in the PIG-A gene of hematopoietic stem cells. The first case reported by Paul Strübing in 1882 occurred with hemoglobinuria at night, hence the name "paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria" (PNH). However, it was later found that hemoglobinuria attacks do not necessarily occur at night but often after sleep, so in China it was renamed "paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria." PNH has always been classified as a hemolytic disease, but in addition to anemia, it is often accompanied by neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia, and the molecular lesion of PNH involves various blood cells.