Cerebral infarction

Cerebral infarction is a cerebrovascular disease caused by cerebral atherosclerosis, in which vascular intimal injury narrows the lumen of cerebral arteries, and subsequently, multiple factors lead to local thrombus formation, aggravating the arterial narrowing or causing complete occlusion, resulting in ischemia, hypoxia, and necrosis of brain tissue, and giving rise to neurological dysfunction. It is most common in middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 to 70 years, and is rare in children and adolescents. The main factors contributing to cerebral infarction include hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, overweight, hyperlipidemia, and a preference for fatty meat; many patients have a family history. The common clinical types of cerebral infarction include cerebral thrombosis, lacunar infarction, and cerebral embolism, with cerebral infarction accounting for 80% of all strokes. The pathogenesis of cerebral infarction involves thrombosis or embolism, and clinically manifests as sudden-onset focal neurological deficit symptoms such as hemiplegia, hemisensory numbness, and slurred speech. Treatment of cerebral infarction should actively address hypertension, especially in patients with a history of lacunar infarction who require prevention of recurrence, while also paying attention to avoiding excessively high or low blood pressure. Cerebral infarction is a common and frequently occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly people, and functional recovery of paralyzed limbs is relatively difficult. Therefore, prevention of cerebral infarction should be given due emphasis.