spasmodic torticollis

Spasmodic torticollis is a focal dystonia involving the neck region, manifested as paroxysmal involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, causing the head to twist to one side or tilt paroxysmally. It is an extrapyramidal movement disorder and an independent organic disease. However, psychological factors such as anxiety and reactive depression play a certain modulating role in the severity of symptoms, and emotional impulses may even be a factor in the accelerated progression of the disease. Clinically, diagnosis and treatment require differentiation through careful clinical observation and electromyography examination.