congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is the most common type of congenital malformation, accounting for about 28% of various congenital malformations. It refers to anatomical structural abnormalities caused by impaired formation or abnormal development of the heart and great vessels during embryonic development, or the failure of channels that should close spontaneously after birth to close (normal in the fetus). The incidence of congenital heart disease should not be underestimated, accounting for 0.4% to 1% of live births, which means that China adds 150,000 to 200,000 new cases of congenital heart disease each year. The spectrum of congenital heart disease is extremely broad, including hundreds of specific subtypes. Some patients may have multiple malformations simultaneously, with symptoms varying widely. The mildest cases may be asymptomatic throughout life, while severe cases may present with serious symptoms at birth such as hypoxia, shock, or even death.