Hypertension

Normal blood pressure fluctuates within a certain range in response to changes in the internal and external environment. Overall, blood pressure levels in the population gradually increase with age, most notably systolic blood pressure, but after age 50, diastolic blood pressure tends to decline and pulse pressure correspondingly widens. In recent years, understanding of the role of multiple cardiovascular risk factors and protection of the heart, brain, and kidney target organs has deepened. The diagnostic criteria for hypertension have also been continuously adjusted, and it is now recognized that patients at the same blood pressure level have different risks of cardiovascular disease. This has led to the concept of blood pressure stratification, namely that patients with different degrees of cardiovascular risk should have different appropriate blood pressure levels. When facing a patient, the physician should determine the most suitable blood pressure range based on the reference standards and the patient's specific circumstances, and adopt targeted treatment measures.